Fiscal Deficit -Meaning, Calculation, Components, Implications, Causes, Measures and Importance

Fiscal Deficit Meaning, Calculation, Components, Implications, Causes, Measures and Importance of Fiscal Deficit   Meaning Fiscal deficit denotes excess of government expenditure over government’s income (i.e. revenue). It is commonly expressed as a percentage of GDP. Although fiscal deficit invariably varies from one year to another, unsustainable or high rates of fiscal deficit poses complications […]

Fiscal Policy – Meaning, Definition, Instruments and Objectives

Fiscal Policy Meaning, Definition, Instruments and Objectives Meaning The ‘fiscal policy’ refers to the government policy of changing its taxation and public expenditure programmes intended to achieve certain predetermined objectives. An effective and good fiscal policy uses various fiscal tools like taxation, expenditure and public borrowing in a proper combination so as to achieve the […]

The Absolute , Relative and Permanent Income Hypothesis

The Absolute , Relative and Permanent Income Hypothesis In macroeconomics, the Absolute Income Hypothesis, Relative Income Hypothesis, and Permanent Income Hypothesis provide different perspectives on how income influences consumption behavior, which in turn affects aggregate demand, savings, and overall economic stability. Here is a detailed look at each hypothesis in the context of macroeconomics. Let’s […]

Income- Consumption Relationship – Simplynotes

Income- Consumption Relationship The relationship between income and consumption is a fundamental concept in economics that describes how changes in income affect consumer spending. This relationship is crucial for understanding consumer behavior, designing fiscal policies, and analyzing economic growth. Here are the key aspects of the income-consumption relationship: Key Concepts 1. Consumption Function The consumption […]

Boom and Recession – Meaning, Features, Causes and Key Differences

Boom and Recession Meaning, Features, Causes and Key Differences In economic terms, “boom” and “recession” represent opposite phases of the business cycle, reflecting the fluctuations in economic activity over time. Meaning of Boom In the context of the trade cycle, a “boom” refers to a phase of strong economic growth and expansion. Booms are characterized […]

High Quality Button Badges

Elevate Your Brand with Custom Button Badges and Name Badges from Button Badge Factory In today’s fast-paced world, where first impressions matter more than ever, custom button badges and name badges have become essential tools for businesses, events, and organizations. Whether you’re looking to promote your brand, recognize your team, or add a personal touch […]

Stock and Flow variables

Stock and Flow variables Both stock and flows are variables. Generally, most of the economic variables that are studied are categorized either as stock or flow variables. Both are quantities that may increase or decrease over time. However, there is a difference between them. Stock variables are those which are measured at a point of […]

National Income – Meaning, Definitions and Measurement

National Income Meaning, Definitions and Measurement   Meaning of National Income National income refers to the total value of goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period, typically a year. It is a key indicator of a country’s economic performance and is used to measure the overall health and growth […]

Scope of Macroeconomics

Scope of Macroeconomics Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the behavior, structure, and performance of an economy as a whole. The scope of macroeconomics is broad and encompasses several key areas of study and analysis related to the economy as a whole. Here are the main components of macroeconomic analysis: 1. Aggregate […]

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