221. Arrange the following in the correct sequence of steps of research:
(i) Identify variables and formulate hypothesis
(ii) Write research report
(iii) Data collection
(iv) Literature review
(v) Data analysis
(vi) Sampling
Select the correct code:
a. (iv), (i), (vi), (iii), (v), (ii)
b. (iv), (vi), (i), (v), (iii), (ii)
c. (i), (ii), (iii), (v), (iv), (vi)
d. (v), (iv), (i), (vi), (iii), (ii)
Ans. a
222. Which of the following is used to cite sources authored by more than two authors?
a. ibid
b. op. ed.
c. et. al.
d. None of these
Ans. c
223. Which of the following research leads to development of new theories or concepts?
a. Applied research
b. Fundamental research
c. Action research
d. Experimental research
Ans. b
224. Which of the following is a continuous variable?
a. Number of clothes
b. Weight
c. Income
d. None of these
Ans. b
225. How can a problem be selected for research?
a. Asking researchers who have already worked in the same field
b. Asking teachers who have supervised the completed and on-going projects in the area
c. Reviewing available literature in library or online
d. Moulding the completed research work to make it sound like something new
Ans. c
226. Which of the following sampling techniques can be used when the population to be studied is heterogeneous but has some common characteristics?
a. Snowball sampling
b. Judgement sampling
c. Systematic sampling
d. Stratified random sampling
Ans. d
227. In a study it was found that higher the time spent on social media by students, lower are the marks scored in tests. Also, higher the time spent on study, higher are marks scored in tests. Which of the variables in this study are independent variables?
a. Time spent on study
b. Time spent on social media
c. Marks scored by students
d. Time spent on study and social media
Ans. d
228. If the null hypothesis is true, but it has been rejected, this will be considered as a
a. Good decision
b. Type I error
c. Type II error
d. Nothing can be said
Ans. b
229. The cardinal sin(s) of research conduct is/are
a. Falsification
b. Fabrication
c. Plagiarism
d. All of the above
Ans. d
230. Which of the following is/are techniques of prob¬ability sampling?
a. Cluster sampling
b. Multi-stage sampling
c. Systematic sampling
d. Both (a) and (b)
Ans. a
231. In which of the following scale(s) variables cannot be ranked?
(i) Interval scale
(ii) Ratio scale
(iii) Ordinal scale
(iv) Nominal scale
Select the correct code:
a. Only (ii)
b. Only (iv)
c. Only (ii) and (iii)
d. Only (i), (ii) and (iii)
Ans. b
232. ‘Male and female employees in India earn equal salary’. What kind of hypothesis is this?
a. Directional hypothesis
b. Declarative hypothesis
c. Null hypothesis
d. Alternate hypothesis
Ans. c
233. In which of the following research, generalizations and interpretations are difficult to make?
(a) Experimental research
(b) Exploratory research
(c) Conclusive research
(d) None of the above
Ans. b
234. The researcher intended to collect data from 200 respondents, but due to availability of lesser time and some other reasons, he was able to collect data from only 185 respondents. He, then, completed the rest of the 15 datasets on his own following the trend of collected data. This will be considered as
a. Falsification
b. Fabrication
c. Plagiarism
d. Data completion
Ans. b
235. Research should be generalizable means that
a. Data should be authentic.
b. Results can be applied to real life.
c. Conclusions drawn from sample are applicable to larger population as well.
d. All of the above
Ans. c
236. Consider the following:
(i) Historical documents
(ii) Public records
(iii) Reports of ministries and institutions
(iv) Unpublished diaries, letters, biographies Which of the above are sources of secondary data?
a. Only (i) and (ii)
b. Only (ii) and (iii)
c. Only (i), (ii), and (iii)
d. Only (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)
Ans. d
237. Which of the following is not a type of experimental research?
a. Pre-experimental research
b. True experimental research
c. Quasi experimental research
d. Post-experimental research
Ans. d
238. With increase in sample size, what will be the impact on sampling error and systematic bias?
a. Sampling error and systematic bias will increase.
b. Sampling error and systematic bias will decrease.
c. Sampling error will increase while systematic bias will decrease.
d. Sampling error will decrease while systematic bias will increase.
Ans. d
239. On conducting a research repeatedly under similar controlled conditions, the outcome is similar every time, thus the research will be
a. Valid
b. Reliable
c. Authentic
d. Objective
Ans. b
240. In which of the following sampling techniques lottery method can be used ?
a. Simple random sampling
b. Purposive sampling
c. Quota sampling
d. Snowball sampling
Ans. a
